Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#31711: build: set build type and per-build-type flags as early as possible

56a9b847bb build: set build type and per-build-type flags as early as possible (Cory Fields)
f605f7a9c2 build: refactor: set debug definitions in main CMakeLists (Cory Fields)

Pull request description:

  This ensures that most compiler tests are not run with the wrong build type's flags. The initial c++ checks are an exception to that because many internal CMake variables are unset until a language is selected, so it's problematic to change our build type before that.

  The difference can be seen in `build/CMakeFiles/CMakeConfigureLog.yaml`. Before, `Debug` was used for many of the earlly checks. After this PR, it's only the first 2 checks.

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK 56a9b847bb.

Tree-SHA512: 87947352d6d4fd08554515822cb13634ed3be33fcda2af817c22ef943b1d0856ceb39311ddc01b8221397528fdc09f630dc7e74fc92f5a4a073f09c4ae493596

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
 
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/module)
+include(ProcessConfigurations)
 
 #=============================
 # Configurable options
@@ -230,11 +231,18 @@ if(BUILD_FOR_FUZZING)
   )
 endif()
 
-include(ProcessConfigurations)
-
 include(TryAppendCXXFlags)
 include(TryAppendLinkerFlag)
 
+# Redefine/adjust per-configuration flags.
+target_compile_definitions(core_interface_debug INTERFACE
+  DEBUG
+  DEBUG_LOCKORDER
+  DEBUG_LOCKCONTENTION
+  RPC_DOC_CHECK
+  ABORT_ON_FAILED_ASSUME
+)
+
 if(WIN32)
   #[=[
   This build system supports two ways to build binaries for Windows.

cmake/module/ProcessConfigurations.cmake

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 include_guard(GLOBAL)
 
-include(TryAppendCXXFlags)
-
 macro(normalize_string string)
   string(REGEX REPLACE " +" " " ${string} "${${string}}")
   string(STRIP "${${string}}" ${string})
@@ -119,14 +117,8 @@ endfunction()
 
 set_default_config(RelWithDebInfo)
 
-# Redefine/adjust per-configuration flags.
-target_compile_definitions(core_interface_debug INTERFACE
-  DEBUG
-  DEBUG_LOCKORDER
-  DEBUG_LOCKCONTENTION
-  RPC_DOC_CHECK
-  ABORT_ON_FAILED_ASSUME
-)
+include(TryAppendCXXFlags)
+
 # We leave assertions on.
 if(MSVC)
   remove_cxx_flag_from_all_configs(/DNDEBUG)