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bitcoin-bitcoin-core/src/node/blockstorage.cpp
Ava Chow 69ddee6f39
Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#27039: blockstorage: do not flush block to disk if it is already there 
dfcef536d0 blockstorage: do not flush block to disk if it is already there (Matthew Zipkin)

Pull request description:

  Closes https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/2039

  When reindexing from flat-file block storage there is no need to write anything back to disk, since the block data is already there. This PR skips flushing to disk those blocks that already have a known position in the datastore. Skipping this means that users can write-protect the `blk` files on disk which may be useful for security or even safely sharing that data between multiple bitcoind instances.

  `FindBlockPos()` may also flush the undo data file, but again this is skipped if the corresponding block position is known, like during the initial stage of a reindex when block data is being indexed. Once the block index is complete the validation mechanism will call `ConnectBlock()` which will save undo data at that time.

  The call stack looks like this:

  ```
  init()
  ThreadImport() <-- process fReindex flag
  LoadExternalBlockFile()
  AcceptBlock()
  SaveBlockToDisk()
  FindBlockPos()
  FlushBlockFile() <-- unnecessary if block is already on disk
  ```

  A larger refactor of this part of the code was started by mzumsande here:  https://github.com/mzumsande/bitcoin/tree/202207_refactor_findblockpos including this fix, reviewers can let me know if the changes should be combined.

ACKs for top commit:
  sipa:
    utACK dfcef536d0
  mzumsande:
    re-ACK dfcef536d0
  achow101:
    ACK dfcef536d0
  furszy:
    Rebase diff ACK dfcef53.

Tree-SHA512: 385c5ac1288b325135398d0ddd3ab788fa98cc0ca19bd2474c74039f2ce70d5088c1d1c9d4dd10aefcbd4c757767ec5805d07ba8cee9289a66f96e6f9eaa5279
2024-03-20 12:41:33 -04:00

1256 lines
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// Copyright (c) 2011-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
#include <node/blockstorage.h>
#include <arith_uint256.h>
#include <chain.h>
#include <consensus/params.h>
#include <consensus/validation.h>
#include <dbwrapper.h>
#include <flatfile.h>
#include <hash.h>
#include <kernel/blockmanager_opts.h>
#include <kernel/chainparams.h>
#include <kernel/messagestartchars.h>
#include <kernel/notifications_interface.h>
#include <logging.h>
#include <pow.h>
#include <primitives/block.h>
#include <primitives/transaction.h>
#include <reverse_iterator.h>
#include <serialize.h>
#include <signet.h>
#include <span.h>
#include <streams.h>
#include <sync.h>
#include <tinyformat.h>
#include <uint256.h>
#include <undo.h>
#include <util/batchpriority.h>
#include <util/check.h>
#include <util/fs.h>
#include <util/signalinterrupt.h>
#include <util/strencodings.h>
#include <util/translation.h>
#include <validation.h>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
namespace kernel {
static constexpr uint8_t DB_BLOCK_FILES{'f'};
static constexpr uint8_t DB_BLOCK_INDEX{'b'};
static constexpr uint8_t DB_FLAG{'F'};
static constexpr uint8_t DB_REINDEX_FLAG{'R'};
static constexpr uint8_t DB_LAST_BLOCK{'l'};
// Keys used in previous version that might still be found in the DB:
// BlockTreeDB::DB_TXINDEX_BLOCK{'T'};
// BlockTreeDB::DB_TXINDEX{'t'}
// BlockTreeDB::ReadFlag("txindex")
bool BlockTreeDB::ReadBlockFileInfo(int nFile, CBlockFileInfo& info)
{
return Read(std::make_pair(DB_BLOCK_FILES, nFile), info);
}
bool BlockTreeDB::WriteReindexing(bool fReindexing)
{
if (fReindexing) {
return Write(DB_REINDEX_FLAG, uint8_t{'1'});
} else {
return Erase(DB_REINDEX_FLAG);
}
}
void BlockTreeDB::ReadReindexing(bool& fReindexing)
{
fReindexing = Exists(DB_REINDEX_FLAG);
}
bool BlockTreeDB::ReadLastBlockFile(int& nFile)
{
return Read(DB_LAST_BLOCK, nFile);
}
bool BlockTreeDB::WriteBatchSync(const std::vector<std::pair<int, const CBlockFileInfo*>>& fileInfo, int nLastFile, const std::vector<const CBlockIndex*>& blockinfo)
{
CDBBatch batch(*this);
for (const auto& [file, info] : fileInfo) {
batch.Write(std::make_pair(DB_BLOCK_FILES, file), *info);
}
batch.Write(DB_LAST_BLOCK, nLastFile);
for (const CBlockIndex* bi : blockinfo) {
batch.Write(std::make_pair(DB_BLOCK_INDEX, bi->GetBlockHash()), CDiskBlockIndex{bi});
}
return WriteBatch(batch, true);
}
bool BlockTreeDB::WriteFlag(const std::string& name, bool fValue)
{
return Write(std::make_pair(DB_FLAG, name), fValue ? uint8_t{'1'} : uint8_t{'0'});
}
bool BlockTreeDB::ReadFlag(const std::string& name, bool& fValue)
{
uint8_t ch;
if (!Read(std::make_pair(DB_FLAG, name), ch)) {
return false;
}
fValue = ch == uint8_t{'1'};
return true;
}
bool BlockTreeDB::LoadBlockIndexGuts(const Consensus::Params& consensusParams, std::function<CBlockIndex*(const uint256&)> insertBlockIndex, const util::SignalInterrupt& interrupt)
{
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
std::unique_ptr<CDBIterator> pcursor(NewIterator());
pcursor->Seek(std::make_pair(DB_BLOCK_INDEX, uint256()));
// Load m_block_index
while (pcursor->Valid()) {
if (interrupt) return false;
std::pair<uint8_t, uint256> key;
if (pcursor->GetKey(key) && key.first == DB_BLOCK_INDEX) {
CDiskBlockIndex diskindex;
if (pcursor->GetValue(diskindex)) {
// Construct block index object
CBlockIndex* pindexNew = insertBlockIndex(diskindex.ConstructBlockHash());
pindexNew->pprev = insertBlockIndex(diskindex.hashPrev);
pindexNew->nHeight = diskindex.nHeight;
pindexNew->nFile = diskindex.nFile;
pindexNew->nDataPos = diskindex.nDataPos;
pindexNew->nUndoPos = diskindex.nUndoPos;
pindexNew->nVersion = diskindex.nVersion;
pindexNew->hashMerkleRoot = diskindex.hashMerkleRoot;
pindexNew->nTime = diskindex.nTime;
pindexNew->nBits = diskindex.nBits;
pindexNew->nNonce = diskindex.nNonce;
pindexNew->nStatus = diskindex.nStatus;
pindexNew->nTx = diskindex.nTx;
if (!CheckProofOfWork(pindexNew->GetBlockHash(), pindexNew->nBits, consensusParams)) {
LogError("%s: CheckProofOfWork failed: %s\n", __func__, pindexNew->ToString());
return false;
}
pcursor->Next();
} else {
LogError("%s: failed to read value\n", __func__);
return false;
}
} else {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
} // namespace kernel
namespace node {
std::atomic_bool fReindex(false);
bool CBlockIndexWorkComparator::operator()(const CBlockIndex* pa, const CBlockIndex* pb) const
{
// First sort by most total work, ...
if (pa->nChainWork > pb->nChainWork) return false;
if (pa->nChainWork < pb->nChainWork) return true;
// ... then by earliest time received, ...
if (pa->nSequenceId < pb->nSequenceId) return false;
if (pa->nSequenceId > pb->nSequenceId) return true;
// Use pointer address as tie breaker (should only happen with blocks
// loaded from disk, as those all have id 0).
if (pa < pb) return false;
if (pa > pb) return true;
// Identical blocks.
return false;
}
bool CBlockIndexHeightOnlyComparator::operator()(const CBlockIndex* pa, const CBlockIndex* pb) const
{
return pa->nHeight < pb->nHeight;
}
std::vector<CBlockIndex*> BlockManager::GetAllBlockIndices()
{
AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
std::vector<CBlockIndex*> rv;
rv.reserve(m_block_index.size());
for (auto& [_, block_index] : m_block_index) {
rv.push_back(&block_index);
}
return rv;
}
CBlockIndex* BlockManager::LookupBlockIndex(const uint256& hash)
{
AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
BlockMap::iterator it = m_block_index.find(hash);
return it == m_block_index.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
}
const CBlockIndex* BlockManager::LookupBlockIndex(const uint256& hash) const
{
AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
BlockMap::const_iterator it = m_block_index.find(hash);
return it == m_block_index.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
}
CBlockIndex* BlockManager::AddToBlockIndex(const CBlockHeader& block, CBlockIndex*& best_header)
{
AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
auto [mi, inserted] = m_block_index.try_emplace(block.GetHash(), block);
if (!inserted) {
return &mi->second;
}
CBlockIndex* pindexNew = &(*mi).second;
// We assign the sequence id to blocks only when the full data is available,
// to avoid miners withholding blocks but broadcasting headers, to get a
// competitive advantage.
pindexNew->nSequenceId = 0;
pindexNew->phashBlock = &((*mi).first);
BlockMap::iterator miPrev = m_block_index.find(block.hashPrevBlock);
if (miPrev != m_block_index.end()) {
pindexNew->pprev = &(*miPrev).second;
pindexNew->nHeight = pindexNew->pprev->nHeight + 1;
pindexNew->BuildSkip();
}
pindexNew->nTimeMax = (pindexNew->pprev ? std::max(pindexNew->pprev->nTimeMax, pindexNew->nTime) : pindexNew->nTime);
pindexNew->nChainWork = (pindexNew->pprev ? pindexNew->pprev->nChainWork : 0) + GetBlockProof(*pindexNew);
pindexNew->RaiseValidity(BLOCK_VALID_TREE);
if (best_header == nullptr || best_header->nChainWork < pindexNew->nChainWork) {
best_header = pindexNew;
}
m_dirty_blockindex.insert(pindexNew);
return pindexNew;
}
void BlockManager::PruneOneBlockFile(const int fileNumber)
{
AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
for (auto& entry : m_block_index) {
CBlockIndex* pindex = &entry.second;
if (pindex->nFile == fileNumber) {
pindex->nStatus &= ~BLOCK_HAVE_DATA;
pindex->nStatus &= ~BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO;
pindex->nFile = 0;
pindex->nDataPos = 0;
pindex->nUndoPos = 0;
m_dirty_blockindex.insert(pindex);
// Prune from m_blocks_unlinked -- any block we prune would have
// to be downloaded again in order to consider its chain, at which
// point it would be considered as a candidate for
// m_blocks_unlinked or setBlockIndexCandidates.
auto range = m_blocks_unlinked.equal_range(pindex->pprev);
while (range.first != range.second) {
std::multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*>::iterator _it = range.first;
range.first++;
if (_it->second == pindex) {
m_blocks_unlinked.erase(_it);
}
}
}
}
m_blockfile_info.at(fileNumber) = CBlockFileInfo{};
m_dirty_fileinfo.insert(fileNumber);
}
void BlockManager::FindFilesToPruneManual(
std::set<int>& setFilesToPrune,
int nManualPruneHeight,
const Chainstate& chain,
ChainstateManager& chainman)
{
assert(IsPruneMode() && nManualPruneHeight > 0);
LOCK2(cs_main, cs_LastBlockFile);
if (chain.m_chain.Height() < 0) {
return;
}
const auto [min_block_to_prune, last_block_can_prune] = chainman.GetPruneRange(chain, nManualPruneHeight);
int count = 0;
for (int fileNumber = 0; fileNumber < this->MaxBlockfileNum(); fileNumber++) {
const auto& fileinfo = m_blockfile_info[fileNumber];
if (fileinfo.nSize == 0 || fileinfo.nHeightLast > (unsigned)last_block_can_prune || fileinfo.nHeightFirst < (unsigned)min_block_to_prune) {
continue;
}
PruneOneBlockFile(fileNumber);
setFilesToPrune.insert(fileNumber);
count++;
}
LogPrintf("[%s] Prune (Manual): prune_height=%d removed %d blk/rev pairs\n",
chain.GetRole(), last_block_can_prune, count);
}
void BlockManager::FindFilesToPrune(
std::set<int>& setFilesToPrune,
int last_prune,
const Chainstate& chain,
ChainstateManager& chainman)
{
LOCK2(cs_main, cs_LastBlockFile);
// Distribute our -prune budget over all chainstates.
const auto target = std::max(
MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES, GetPruneTarget() / chainman.GetAll().size());
const uint64_t target_sync_height = chainman.m_best_header->nHeight;
if (chain.m_chain.Height() < 0 || target == 0) {
return;
}
if (static_cast<uint64_t>(chain.m_chain.Height()) <= chainman.GetParams().PruneAfterHeight()) {
return;
}
const auto [min_block_to_prune, last_block_can_prune] = chainman.GetPruneRange(chain, last_prune);
uint64_t nCurrentUsage = CalculateCurrentUsage();
// We don't check to prune until after we've allocated new space for files
// So we should leave a buffer under our target to account for another allocation
// before the next pruning.
uint64_t nBuffer = BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE + UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
uint64_t nBytesToPrune;
int count = 0;
if (nCurrentUsage + nBuffer >= target) {
// On a prune event, the chainstate DB is flushed.
// To avoid excessive prune events negating the benefit of high dbcache
// values, we should not prune too rapidly.
// So when pruning in IBD, increase the buffer to avoid a re-prune too soon.
const auto chain_tip_height = chain.m_chain.Height();
if (chainman.IsInitialBlockDownload() && target_sync_height > (uint64_t)chain_tip_height) {
// Since this is only relevant during IBD, we assume blocks are at least 1 MB on average
static constexpr uint64_t average_block_size = 1000000; /* 1 MB */
const uint64_t remaining_blocks = target_sync_height - chain_tip_height;
nBuffer += average_block_size * remaining_blocks;
}
for (int fileNumber = 0; fileNumber < this->MaxBlockfileNum(); fileNumber++) {
const auto& fileinfo = m_blockfile_info[fileNumber];
nBytesToPrune = fileinfo.nSize + fileinfo.nUndoSize;
if (fileinfo.nSize == 0) {
continue;
}
if (nCurrentUsage + nBuffer < target) { // are we below our target?
break;
}
// don't prune files that could have a block that's not within the allowable
// prune range for the chain being pruned.
if (fileinfo.nHeightLast > (unsigned)last_block_can_prune || fileinfo.nHeightFirst < (unsigned)min_block_to_prune) {
continue;
}
PruneOneBlockFile(fileNumber);
// Queue up the files for removal
setFilesToPrune.insert(fileNumber);
nCurrentUsage -= nBytesToPrune;
count++;
}
}
LogPrint(BCLog::PRUNE, "[%s] target=%dMiB actual=%dMiB diff=%dMiB min_height=%d max_prune_height=%d removed %d blk/rev pairs\n",
chain.GetRole(), target / 1024 / 1024, nCurrentUsage / 1024 / 1024,
(int64_t(target) - int64_t(nCurrentUsage)) / 1024 / 1024,
min_block_to_prune, last_block_can_prune, count);
}
void BlockManager::UpdatePruneLock(const std::string& name, const PruneLockInfo& lock_info) {
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
m_prune_locks[name] = lock_info;
}
CBlockIndex* BlockManager::InsertBlockIndex(const uint256& hash)
{
AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
if (hash.IsNull()) {
return nullptr;
}
const auto [mi, inserted]{m_block_index.try_emplace(hash)};
CBlockIndex* pindex = &(*mi).second;
if (inserted) {
pindex->phashBlock = &((*mi).first);
}
return pindex;
}
bool BlockManager::LoadBlockIndex(const std::optional<uint256>& snapshot_blockhash)
{
if (!m_block_tree_db->LoadBlockIndexGuts(
GetConsensus(), [this](const uint256& hash) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main) { return this->InsertBlockIndex(hash); }, m_interrupt)) {
return false;
}
if (snapshot_blockhash) {
const std::optional<AssumeutxoData> maybe_au_data = GetParams().AssumeutxoForBlockhash(*snapshot_blockhash);
if (!maybe_au_data) {
m_opts.notifications.fatalError(strprintf("Assumeutxo data not found for the given blockhash '%s'.", snapshot_blockhash->ToString()));
return false;
}
const AssumeutxoData& au_data = *Assert(maybe_au_data);
m_snapshot_height = au_data.height;
CBlockIndex* base{LookupBlockIndex(*snapshot_blockhash)};
// Since nChainTx (responsible for estimated progress) isn't persisted
// to disk, we must bootstrap the value for assumedvalid chainstates
// from the hardcoded assumeutxo chainparams.
base->nChainTx = au_data.nChainTx;
LogPrintf("[snapshot] set nChainTx=%d for %s\n", au_data.nChainTx, snapshot_blockhash->ToString());
} else {
// If this isn't called with a snapshot blockhash, make sure the cached snapshot height
// is null. This is relevant during snapshot completion, when the blockman may be loaded
// with a height that then needs to be cleared after the snapshot is fully validated.
m_snapshot_height.reset();
}
Assert(m_snapshot_height.has_value() == snapshot_blockhash.has_value());
// Calculate nChainWork
std::vector<CBlockIndex*> vSortedByHeight{GetAllBlockIndices()};
std::sort(vSortedByHeight.begin(), vSortedByHeight.end(),
CBlockIndexHeightOnlyComparator());
CBlockIndex* previous_index{nullptr};
for (CBlockIndex* pindex : vSortedByHeight) {
if (m_interrupt) return false;
if (previous_index && pindex->nHeight > previous_index->nHeight + 1) {
LogError("%s: block index is non-contiguous, index of height %d missing\n", __func__, previous_index->nHeight + 1);
return false;
}
previous_index = pindex;
pindex->nChainWork = (pindex->pprev ? pindex->pprev->nChainWork : 0) + GetBlockProof(*pindex);
pindex->nTimeMax = (pindex->pprev ? std::max(pindex->pprev->nTimeMax, pindex->nTime) : pindex->nTime);
// We can link the chain of blocks for which we've received transactions at some point, or
// blocks that are assumed-valid on the basis of snapshot load (see
// PopulateAndValidateSnapshot()).
// Pruned nodes may have deleted the block.
if (pindex->nTx > 0) {
if (pindex->pprev) {
if (m_snapshot_height && pindex->nHeight == *m_snapshot_height &&
pindex->GetBlockHash() == *snapshot_blockhash) {
// Should have been set above; don't disturb it with code below.
Assert(pindex->nChainTx > 0);
} else if (pindex->pprev->nChainTx > 0) {
pindex->nChainTx = pindex->pprev->nChainTx + pindex->nTx;
} else {
pindex->nChainTx = 0;
m_blocks_unlinked.insert(std::make_pair(pindex->pprev, pindex));
}
} else {
pindex->nChainTx = pindex->nTx;
}
}
if (!(pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK) && pindex->pprev && (pindex->pprev->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK)) {
pindex->nStatus |= BLOCK_FAILED_CHILD;
m_dirty_blockindex.insert(pindex);
}
if (pindex->pprev) {
pindex->BuildSkip();
}
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::WriteBlockIndexDB()
{
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
std::vector<std::pair<int, const CBlockFileInfo*>> vFiles;
vFiles.reserve(m_dirty_fileinfo.size());
for (std::set<int>::iterator it = m_dirty_fileinfo.begin(); it != m_dirty_fileinfo.end();) {
vFiles.emplace_back(*it, &m_blockfile_info[*it]);
m_dirty_fileinfo.erase(it++);
}
std::vector<const CBlockIndex*> vBlocks;
vBlocks.reserve(m_dirty_blockindex.size());
for (std::set<CBlockIndex*>::iterator it = m_dirty_blockindex.begin(); it != m_dirty_blockindex.end();) {
vBlocks.push_back(*it);
m_dirty_blockindex.erase(it++);
}
int max_blockfile = WITH_LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile, return this->MaxBlockfileNum());
if (!m_block_tree_db->WriteBatchSync(vFiles, max_blockfile, vBlocks)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::LoadBlockIndexDB(const std::optional<uint256>& snapshot_blockhash)
{
if (!LoadBlockIndex(snapshot_blockhash)) {
return false;
}
int max_blockfile_num{0};
// Load block file info
m_block_tree_db->ReadLastBlockFile(max_blockfile_num);
m_blockfile_info.resize(max_blockfile_num + 1);
LogPrintf("%s: last block file = %i\n", __func__, max_blockfile_num);
for (int nFile = 0; nFile <= max_blockfile_num; nFile++) {
m_block_tree_db->ReadBlockFileInfo(nFile, m_blockfile_info[nFile]);
}
LogPrintf("%s: last block file info: %s\n", __func__, m_blockfile_info[max_blockfile_num].ToString());
for (int nFile = max_blockfile_num + 1; true; nFile++) {
CBlockFileInfo info;
if (m_block_tree_db->ReadBlockFileInfo(nFile, info)) {
m_blockfile_info.push_back(info);
} else {
break;
}
}
// Check presence of blk files
LogPrintf("Checking all blk files are present...\n");
std::set<int> setBlkDataFiles;
for (const auto& [_, block_index] : m_block_index) {
if (block_index.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) {
setBlkDataFiles.insert(block_index.nFile);
}
}
for (std::set<int>::iterator it = setBlkDataFiles.begin(); it != setBlkDataFiles.end(); it++) {
FlatFilePos pos(*it, 0);
if (OpenBlockFile(pos, true).IsNull()) {
return false;
}
}
{
// Initialize the blockfile cursors.
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_blockfile_info.size(); ++i) {
const auto last_height_in_file = m_blockfile_info[i].nHeightLast;
m_blockfile_cursors[BlockfileTypeForHeight(last_height_in_file)] = {static_cast<int>(i), 0};
}
}
// Check whether we have ever pruned block & undo files
m_block_tree_db->ReadFlag("prunedblockfiles", m_have_pruned);
if (m_have_pruned) {
LogPrintf("LoadBlockIndexDB(): Block files have previously been pruned\n");
}
// Check whether we need to continue reindexing
bool fReindexing = false;
m_block_tree_db->ReadReindexing(fReindexing);
if (fReindexing) fReindex = true;
return true;
}
void BlockManager::ScanAndUnlinkAlreadyPrunedFiles()
{
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
int max_blockfile = WITH_LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile, return this->MaxBlockfileNum());
if (!m_have_pruned) {
return;
}
std::set<int> block_files_to_prune;
for (int file_number = 0; file_number < max_blockfile; file_number++) {
if (m_blockfile_info[file_number].nSize == 0) {
block_files_to_prune.insert(file_number);
}
}
UnlinkPrunedFiles(block_files_to_prune);
}
const CBlockIndex* BlockManager::GetLastCheckpoint(const CCheckpointData& data)
{
const MapCheckpoints& checkpoints = data.mapCheckpoints;
for (const MapCheckpoints::value_type& i : reverse_iterate(checkpoints)) {
const uint256& hash = i.second;
const CBlockIndex* pindex = LookupBlockIndex(hash);
if (pindex) {
return pindex;
}
}
return nullptr;
}
bool BlockManager::IsBlockPruned(const CBlockIndex& block)
{
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
return m_have_pruned && !(block.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) && (block.nTx > 0);
}
const CBlockIndex* BlockManager::GetFirstStoredBlock(const CBlockIndex& upper_block, const CBlockIndex* lower_block)
{
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
const CBlockIndex* last_block = &upper_block;
assert(last_block->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA); // 'upper_block' must have data
while (last_block->pprev && (last_block->pprev->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA)) {
if (lower_block) {
// Return if we reached the lower_block
if (last_block == lower_block) return lower_block;
// if range was surpassed, means that 'lower_block' is not part of the 'upper_block' chain
// and so far this is not allowed.
assert(last_block->nHeight >= lower_block->nHeight);
}
last_block = last_block->pprev;
}
assert(last_block != nullptr);
return last_block;
}
bool BlockManager::CheckBlockDataAvailability(const CBlockIndex& upper_block, const CBlockIndex& lower_block)
{
if (!(upper_block.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA)) return false;
return GetFirstStoredBlock(upper_block, &lower_block) == &lower_block;
}
// If we're using -prune with -reindex, then delete block files that will be ignored by the
// reindex. Since reindexing works by starting at block file 0 and looping until a blockfile
// is missing, do the same here to delete any later block files after a gap. Also delete all
// rev files since they'll be rewritten by the reindex anyway. This ensures that m_blockfile_info
// is in sync with what's actually on disk by the time we start downloading, so that pruning
// works correctly.
void BlockManager::CleanupBlockRevFiles() const
{
std::map<std::string, fs::path> mapBlockFiles;
// Glob all blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files from the blocks directory.
// Remove the rev files immediately and insert the blk file paths into an
// ordered map keyed by block file index.
LogPrintf("Removing unusable blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files for -reindex with -prune\n");
for (fs::directory_iterator it(m_opts.blocks_dir); it != fs::directory_iterator(); it++) {
const std::string path = fs::PathToString(it->path().filename());
if (fs::is_regular_file(*it) &&
path.length() == 12 &&
path.substr(8,4) == ".dat")
{
if (path.substr(0, 3) == "blk") {
mapBlockFiles[path.substr(3, 5)] = it->path();
} else if (path.substr(0, 3) == "rev") {
remove(it->path());
}
}
}
// Remove all block files that aren't part of a contiguous set starting at
// zero by walking the ordered map (keys are block file indices) by
// keeping a separate counter. Once we hit a gap (or if 0 doesn't exist)
// start removing block files.
int nContigCounter = 0;
for (const std::pair<const std::string, fs::path>& item : mapBlockFiles) {
if (LocaleIndependentAtoi<int>(item.first) == nContigCounter) {
nContigCounter++;
continue;
}
remove(item.second);
}
}
CBlockFileInfo* BlockManager::GetBlockFileInfo(size_t n)
{
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
return &m_blockfile_info.at(n);
}
bool BlockManager::UndoWriteToDisk(const CBlockUndo& blockundo, FlatFilePos& pos, const uint256& hashBlock) const
{
// Open history file to append
AutoFile fileout{OpenUndoFile(pos)};
if (fileout.IsNull()) {
LogError("%s: OpenUndoFile failed\n", __func__);
return false;
}
// Write index header
unsigned int nSize = GetSerializeSize(blockundo);
fileout << GetParams().MessageStart() << nSize;
// Write undo data
long fileOutPos = ftell(fileout.Get());
if (fileOutPos < 0) {
LogError("%s: ftell failed\n", __func__);
return false;
}
pos.nPos = (unsigned int)fileOutPos;
fileout << blockundo;
// calculate & write checksum
HashWriter hasher{};
hasher << hashBlock;
hasher << blockundo;
fileout << hasher.GetHash();
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::UndoReadFromDisk(CBlockUndo& blockundo, const CBlockIndex& index) const
{
const FlatFilePos pos{WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return index.GetUndoPos())};
if (pos.IsNull()) {
LogError("%s: no undo data available\n", __func__);
return false;
}
// Open history file to read
AutoFile filein{OpenUndoFile(pos, true)};
if (filein.IsNull()) {
LogError("%s: OpenUndoFile failed\n", __func__);
return false;
}
// Read block
uint256 hashChecksum;
HashVerifier verifier{filein}; // Use HashVerifier as reserializing may lose data, c.f. commit d342424301013ec47dc146a4beb49d5c9319d80a
try {
verifier << index.pprev->GetBlockHash();
verifier >> blockundo;
filein >> hashChecksum;
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
LogError("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s\n", __func__, e.what());
return false;
}
// Verify checksum
if (hashChecksum != verifier.GetHash()) {
LogError("%s: Checksum mismatch\n", __func__);
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::FlushUndoFile(int block_file, bool finalize)
{
FlatFilePos undo_pos_old(block_file, m_blockfile_info[block_file].nUndoSize);
if (!UndoFileSeq().Flush(undo_pos_old, finalize)) {
m_opts.notifications.flushError("Flushing undo file to disk failed. This is likely the result of an I/O error.");
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::FlushBlockFile(int blockfile_num, bool fFinalize, bool finalize_undo)
{
bool success = true;
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
if (m_blockfile_info.size() < 1) {
// Return if we haven't loaded any blockfiles yet. This happens during
// chainstate init, when we call ChainstateManager::MaybeRebalanceCaches() (which
// then calls FlushStateToDisk()), resulting in a call to this function before we
// have populated `m_blockfile_info` via LoadBlockIndexDB().
return true;
}
assert(static_cast<int>(m_blockfile_info.size()) > blockfile_num);
FlatFilePos block_pos_old(blockfile_num, m_blockfile_info[blockfile_num].nSize);
if (!BlockFileSeq().Flush(block_pos_old, fFinalize)) {
m_opts.notifications.flushError("Flushing block file to disk failed. This is likely the result of an I/O error.");
success = false;
}
// we do not always flush the undo file, as the chain tip may be lagging behind the incoming blocks,
// e.g. during IBD or a sync after a node going offline
if (!fFinalize || finalize_undo) {
if (!FlushUndoFile(blockfile_num, finalize_undo)) {
success = false;
}
}
return success;
}
BlockfileType BlockManager::BlockfileTypeForHeight(int height)
{
if (!m_snapshot_height) {
return BlockfileType::NORMAL;
}
return (height >= *m_snapshot_height) ? BlockfileType::ASSUMED : BlockfileType::NORMAL;
}
bool BlockManager::FlushChainstateBlockFile(int tip_height)
{
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
auto& cursor = m_blockfile_cursors[BlockfileTypeForHeight(tip_height)];
// If the cursor does not exist, it means an assumeutxo snapshot is loaded,
// but no blocks past the snapshot height have been written yet, so there
// is no data associated with the chainstate, and it is safe not to flush.
if (cursor) {
return FlushBlockFile(cursor->file_num, /*fFinalize=*/false, /*finalize_undo=*/false);
}
// No need to log warnings in this case.
return true;
}
uint64_t BlockManager::CalculateCurrentUsage()
{
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
uint64_t retval = 0;
for (const CBlockFileInfo& file : m_blockfile_info) {
retval += file.nSize + file.nUndoSize;
}
return retval;
}
void BlockManager::UnlinkPrunedFiles(const std::set<int>& setFilesToPrune) const
{
std::error_code ec;
for (std::set<int>::iterator it = setFilesToPrune.begin(); it != setFilesToPrune.end(); ++it) {
FlatFilePos pos(*it, 0);
const bool removed_blockfile{fs::remove(BlockFileSeq().FileName(pos), ec)};
const bool removed_undofile{fs::remove(UndoFileSeq().FileName(pos), ec)};
if (removed_blockfile || removed_undofile) {
LogPrint(BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE, "Prune: %s deleted blk/rev (%05u)\n", __func__, *it);
}
}
}
FlatFileSeq BlockManager::BlockFileSeq() const
{
return FlatFileSeq(m_opts.blocks_dir, "blk", m_opts.fast_prune ? 0x4000 /* 16kb */ : BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE);
}
FlatFileSeq BlockManager::UndoFileSeq() const
{
return FlatFileSeq(m_opts.blocks_dir, "rev", UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE);
}
AutoFile BlockManager::OpenBlockFile(const FlatFilePos& pos, bool fReadOnly) const
{
return AutoFile{BlockFileSeq().Open(pos, fReadOnly)};
}
/** Open an undo file (rev?????.dat) */
AutoFile BlockManager::OpenUndoFile(const FlatFilePos& pos, bool fReadOnly) const
{
return AutoFile{UndoFileSeq().Open(pos, fReadOnly)};
}
fs::path BlockManager::GetBlockPosFilename(const FlatFilePos& pos) const
{
return BlockFileSeq().FileName(pos);
}
bool BlockManager::FindBlockPos(FlatFilePos& pos, unsigned int nAddSize, unsigned int nHeight, uint64_t nTime, bool fKnown)
{
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
const BlockfileType chain_type = BlockfileTypeForHeight(nHeight);
if (!m_blockfile_cursors[chain_type]) {
// If a snapshot is loaded during runtime, we may not have initialized this cursor yet.
assert(chain_type == BlockfileType::ASSUMED);
const auto new_cursor = BlockfileCursor{this->MaxBlockfileNum() + 1};
m_blockfile_cursors[chain_type] = new_cursor;
LogPrint(BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE, "[%s] initializing blockfile cursor to %s\n", chain_type, new_cursor);
}
const int last_blockfile = m_blockfile_cursors[chain_type]->file_num;
int nFile = fKnown ? pos.nFile : last_blockfile;
if (static_cast<int>(m_blockfile_info.size()) <= nFile) {
m_blockfile_info.resize(nFile + 1);
}
bool finalize_undo = false;
if (!fKnown) {
unsigned int max_blockfile_size{MAX_BLOCKFILE_SIZE};
// Use smaller blockfiles in test-only -fastprune mode - but avoid
// the possibility of having a block not fit into the block file.
if (m_opts.fast_prune) {
max_blockfile_size = 0x10000; // 64kiB
if (nAddSize >= max_blockfile_size) {
// dynamically adjust the blockfile size to be larger than the added size
max_blockfile_size = nAddSize + 1;
}
}
assert(nAddSize < max_blockfile_size);
while (m_blockfile_info[nFile].nSize + nAddSize >= max_blockfile_size) {
// when the undo file is keeping up with the block file, we want to flush it explicitly
// when it is lagging behind (more blocks arrive than are being connected), we let the
// undo block write case handle it
finalize_undo = (static_cast<int>(m_blockfile_info[nFile].nHeightLast) ==
Assert(m_blockfile_cursors[chain_type])->undo_height);
// Try the next unclaimed blockfile number
nFile = this->MaxBlockfileNum() + 1;
// Set to increment MaxBlockfileNum() for next iteration
m_blockfile_cursors[chain_type] = BlockfileCursor{nFile};
if (static_cast<int>(m_blockfile_info.size()) <= nFile) {
m_blockfile_info.resize(nFile + 1);
}
}
pos.nFile = nFile;
pos.nPos = m_blockfile_info[nFile].nSize;
}
if (nFile != last_blockfile) {
if (!fKnown) {
LogPrint(BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE, "Leaving block file %i: %s (onto %i) (height %i)\n",
last_blockfile, m_blockfile_info[last_blockfile].ToString(), nFile, nHeight);
// Do not propagate the return code. The flush concerns a previous block
// and undo file that has already been written to. If a flush fails
// here, and we crash, there is no expected additional block data
// inconsistency arising from the flush failure here. However, the undo
// data may be inconsistent after a crash if the flush is called during
// a reindex. A flush error might also leave some of the data files
// untrimmed.
if (!FlushBlockFile(last_blockfile, !fKnown, finalize_undo)) {
LogPrintLevel(BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE, BCLog::Level::Warning,
"Failed to flush previous block file %05i (finalize=%i, finalize_undo=%i) before opening new block file %05i\n",
last_blockfile, !fKnown, finalize_undo, nFile);
}
}
// No undo data yet in the new file, so reset our undo-height tracking.
m_blockfile_cursors[chain_type] = BlockfileCursor{nFile};
}
m_blockfile_info[nFile].AddBlock(nHeight, nTime);
if (fKnown) {
m_blockfile_info[nFile].nSize = std::max(pos.nPos + nAddSize, m_blockfile_info[nFile].nSize);
} else {
m_blockfile_info[nFile].nSize += nAddSize;
}
if (!fKnown) {
bool out_of_space;
size_t bytes_allocated = BlockFileSeq().Allocate(pos, nAddSize, out_of_space);
if (out_of_space) {
m_opts.notifications.fatalError("Disk space is too low!", _("Disk space is too low!"));
return false;
}
if (bytes_allocated != 0 && IsPruneMode()) {
m_check_for_pruning = true;
}
}
m_dirty_fileinfo.insert(nFile);
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::FindUndoPos(BlockValidationState& state, int nFile, FlatFilePos& pos, unsigned int nAddSize)
{
pos.nFile = nFile;
LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);
pos.nPos = m_blockfile_info[nFile].nUndoSize;
m_blockfile_info[nFile].nUndoSize += nAddSize;
m_dirty_fileinfo.insert(nFile);
bool out_of_space;
size_t bytes_allocated = UndoFileSeq().Allocate(pos, nAddSize, out_of_space);
if (out_of_space) {
return FatalError(m_opts.notifications, state, "Disk space is too low!", _("Disk space is too low!"));
}
if (bytes_allocated != 0 && IsPruneMode()) {
m_check_for_pruning = true;
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::WriteBlockToDisk(const CBlock& block, FlatFilePos& pos) const
{
// Open history file to append
AutoFile fileout{OpenBlockFile(pos)};
if (fileout.IsNull()) {
LogError("WriteBlockToDisk: OpenBlockFile failed\n");
return false;
}
// Write index header
unsigned int nSize = GetSerializeSize(TX_WITH_WITNESS(block));
fileout << GetParams().MessageStart() << nSize;
// Write block
long fileOutPos = ftell(fileout.Get());
if (fileOutPos < 0) {
LogError("WriteBlockToDisk: ftell failed\n");
return false;
}
pos.nPos = (unsigned int)fileOutPos;
fileout << TX_WITH_WITNESS(block);
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::WriteUndoDataForBlock(const CBlockUndo& blockundo, BlockValidationState& state, CBlockIndex& block)
{
AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
const BlockfileType type = BlockfileTypeForHeight(block.nHeight);
auto& cursor = *Assert(WITH_LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile, return m_blockfile_cursors[type]));
// Write undo information to disk
if (block.GetUndoPos().IsNull()) {
FlatFilePos _pos;
if (!FindUndoPos(state, block.nFile, _pos, ::GetSerializeSize(blockundo) + 40)) {
LogError("ConnectBlock(): FindUndoPos failed\n");
return false;
}
if (!UndoWriteToDisk(blockundo, _pos, block.pprev->GetBlockHash())) {
return FatalError(m_opts.notifications, state, "Failed to write undo data");
}
// rev files are written in block height order, whereas blk files are written as blocks come in (often out of order)
// we want to flush the rev (undo) file once we've written the last block, which is indicated by the last height
// in the block file info as below; note that this does not catch the case where the undo writes are keeping up
// with the block writes (usually when a synced up node is getting newly mined blocks) -- this case is caught in
// the FindBlockPos function
if (_pos.nFile < cursor.file_num && static_cast<uint32_t>(block.nHeight) == m_blockfile_info[_pos.nFile].nHeightLast) {
// Do not propagate the return code, a failed flush here should not
// be an indication for a failed write. If it were propagated here,
// the caller would assume the undo data not to be written, when in
// fact it is. Note though, that a failed flush might leave the data
// file untrimmed.
if (!FlushUndoFile(_pos.nFile, true)) {
LogPrintLevel(BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE, BCLog::Level::Warning, "Failed to flush undo file %05i\n", _pos.nFile);
}
} else if (_pos.nFile == cursor.file_num && block.nHeight > cursor.undo_height) {
cursor.undo_height = block.nHeight;
}
// update nUndoPos in block index
block.nUndoPos = _pos.nPos;
block.nStatus |= BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO;
m_dirty_blockindex.insert(&block);
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::ReadBlockFromDisk(CBlock& block, const FlatFilePos& pos) const
{
block.SetNull();
// Open history file to read
AutoFile filein{OpenBlockFile(pos, true)};
if (filein.IsNull()) {
LogError("ReadBlockFromDisk: OpenBlockFile failed for %s\n", pos.ToString());
return false;
}
// Read block
try {
filein >> TX_WITH_WITNESS(block);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
LogError("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s at %s\n", __func__, e.what(), pos.ToString());
return false;
}
// Check the header
if (!CheckProofOfWork(block.GetHash(), block.nBits, GetConsensus())) {
LogError("ReadBlockFromDisk: Errors in block header at %s\n", pos.ToString());
return false;
}
// Signet only: check block solution
if (GetConsensus().signet_blocks && !CheckSignetBlockSolution(block, GetConsensus())) {
LogError("ReadBlockFromDisk: Errors in block solution at %s\n", pos.ToString());
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::ReadBlockFromDisk(CBlock& block, const CBlockIndex& index) const
{
const FlatFilePos block_pos{WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return index.GetBlockPos())};
if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, block_pos)) {
return false;
}
if (block.GetHash() != index.GetBlockHash()) {
LogError("ReadBlockFromDisk(CBlock&, CBlockIndex*): GetHash() doesn't match index for %s at %s\n",
index.ToString(), block_pos.ToString());
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool BlockManager::ReadRawBlockFromDisk(std::vector<uint8_t>& block, const FlatFilePos& pos) const
{
FlatFilePos hpos = pos;
// If nPos is less than 8 the pos is null and we don't have the block data
// Return early to prevent undefined behavior of unsigned int underflow
if (hpos.nPos < 8) {
LogError("%s: OpenBlockFile failed for %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
return false;
}
hpos.nPos -= 8; // Seek back 8 bytes for meta header
AutoFile filein{OpenBlockFile(hpos, true)};
if (filein.IsNull()) {
LogError("%s: OpenBlockFile failed for %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
return false;
}
try {
MessageStartChars blk_start;
unsigned int blk_size;
filein >> blk_start >> blk_size;
if (blk_start != GetParams().MessageStart()) {
LogError("%s: Block magic mismatch for %s: %s versus expected %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString(),
HexStr(blk_start),
HexStr(GetParams().MessageStart()));
return false;
}
if (blk_size > MAX_SIZE) {
LogError("%s: Block data is larger than maximum deserialization size for %s: %s versus %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString(),
blk_size, MAX_SIZE);
return false;
}
block.resize(blk_size); // Zeroing of memory is intentional here
filein.read(MakeWritableByteSpan(block));
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
LogError("%s: Read from block file failed: %s for %s\n", __func__, e.what(), pos.ToString());
return false;
}
return true;
}
FlatFilePos BlockManager::SaveBlockToDisk(const CBlock& block, int nHeight, const FlatFilePos* dbp)
{
unsigned int nBlockSize = ::GetSerializeSize(TX_WITH_WITNESS(block));
FlatFilePos blockPos;
const auto position_known {dbp != nullptr};
if (position_known) {
blockPos = *dbp;
} else {
// when known, blockPos.nPos points at the offset of the block data in the blk file. that already accounts for
// the serialization header present in the file (the 4 magic message start bytes + the 4 length bytes = 8 bytes = BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE).
// we add BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE only for new blocks since they will have the serialization header added when written to disk.
nBlockSize += static_cast<unsigned int>(BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE);
}
if (!FindBlockPos(blockPos, nBlockSize, nHeight, block.GetBlockTime(), position_known)) {
LogError("%s: FindBlockPos failed\n", __func__);
return FlatFilePos();
}
if (!position_known) {
if (!WriteBlockToDisk(block, blockPos)) {
m_opts.notifications.fatalError("Failed to write block");
return FlatFilePos();
}
}
return blockPos;
}
class ImportingNow
{
std::atomic<bool>& m_importing;
public:
ImportingNow(std::atomic<bool>& importing) : m_importing{importing}
{
assert(m_importing == false);
m_importing = true;
}
~ImportingNow()
{
assert(m_importing == true);
m_importing = false;
}
};
void ImportBlocks(ChainstateManager& chainman, std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles)
{
ScheduleBatchPriority();
{
ImportingNow imp{chainman.m_blockman.m_importing};
// -reindex
if (fReindex) {
int nFile = 0;
// Map of disk positions for blocks with unknown parent (only used for reindex);
// parent hash -> child disk position, multiple children can have the same parent.
std::multimap<uint256, FlatFilePos> blocks_with_unknown_parent;
while (true) {
FlatFilePos pos(nFile, 0);
if (!fs::exists(chainman.m_blockman.GetBlockPosFilename(pos))) {
break; // No block files left to reindex
}
AutoFile file{chainman.m_blockman.OpenBlockFile(pos, true)};
if (file.IsNull()) {
break; // This error is logged in OpenBlockFile
}
LogPrintf("Reindexing block file blk%05u.dat...\n", (unsigned int)nFile);
chainman.LoadExternalBlockFile(file, &pos, &blocks_with_unknown_parent);
if (chainman.m_interrupt) {
LogPrintf("Interrupt requested. Exit %s\n", __func__);
return;
}
nFile++;
}
WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, chainman.m_blockman.m_block_tree_db->WriteReindexing(false));
fReindex = false;
LogPrintf("Reindexing finished\n");
// To avoid ending up in a situation without genesis block, re-try initializing (no-op if reindexing worked):
chainman.ActiveChainstate().LoadGenesisBlock();
}
// -loadblock=
for (const fs::path& path : vImportFiles) {
AutoFile file{fsbridge::fopen(path, "rb")};
if (!file.IsNull()) {
LogPrintf("Importing blocks file %s...\n", fs::PathToString(path));
chainman.LoadExternalBlockFile(file);
if (chainman.m_interrupt) {
LogPrintf("Interrupt requested. Exit %s\n", __func__);
return;
}
} else {
LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open blocks file %s\n", fs::PathToString(path));
}
}
// scan for better chains in the block chain database, that are not yet connected in the active best chain
// We can't hold cs_main during ActivateBestChain even though we're accessing
// the chainman unique_ptrs since ABC requires us not to be holding cs_main, so retrieve
// the relevant pointers before the ABC call.
for (Chainstate* chainstate : WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return chainman.GetAll())) {
BlockValidationState state;
if (!chainstate->ActivateBestChain(state, nullptr)) {
chainman.GetNotifications().fatalError(strprintf("Failed to connect best block (%s)", state.ToString()));
return;
}
}
} // End scope of ImportingNow
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BlockfileType& type) {
switch(type) {
case BlockfileType::NORMAL: os << "normal"; break;
case BlockfileType::ASSUMED: os << "assumed"; break;
default: os.setstate(std::ios_base::failbit);
}
return os;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BlockfileCursor& cursor) {
os << strprintf("BlockfileCursor(file_num=%d, undo_height=%d)", cursor.file_num, cursor.undo_height);
return os;
}
} // namespace node
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