diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/errors.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/errors.ts
index 61b53fa968..d79232aed7 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/errors.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/errors.ts
@@ -624,6 +624,15 @@ function createInvalidArgType(
   return msg;
 }
 
+export class ERR_CRYPTO_TIMING_SAFE_EQUAL_LENGTH extends NodeRangeError {
+  constructor() {
+    super(
+      "ERR_CRYPTO_TIMING_SAFE_EQUAL_LENGTH",
+      "Input buffers must have the same length",
+    );
+  }
+}
+
 export class ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE_RANGE extends NodeRangeError {
   constructor(name: string, expected: string | string[], actual: unknown) {
     const msg = createInvalidArgType(name, expected);
@@ -2842,6 +2851,7 @@ export default {
   ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_FAMILY,
   ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE,
   ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE_RANGE,
+  ERR_CRYPTO_TIMING_SAFE_EQUAL_LENGTH,
   ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE,
   ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE_RANGE,
   ERR_INVALID_ASYNC_ID,
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/internal_binding/_timingSafeEqual.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/internal_binding/_timingSafeEqual.ts
index 559b7685b8..d9811c5505 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/internal_binding/_timingSafeEqual.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/internal_binding/_timingSafeEqual.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 // deno-lint-ignore-file prefer-primordials
 
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+import { ERR_CRYPTO_TIMING_SAFE_EQUAL_LENGTH } from "ext:deno_node/internal/errors.ts";
 
 function toDataView(ab: ArrayBufferLike | ArrayBufferView): DataView {
   if (ArrayBuffer.isView(ab)) {
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ function stdTimingSafeEqual(
   b: ArrayBufferView | ArrayBufferLike | DataView,
 ): boolean {
   if (a.byteLength !== b.byteLength) {
-    return false;
+    throw new ERR_CRYPTO_TIMING_SAFE_EQUAL_LENGTH();
   }
   if (!(a instanceof DataView)) {
     a = toDataView(a);
diff --git a/tests/unit_node/crypto/crypto_misc_test.ts b/tests/unit_node/crypto/crypto_misc_test.ts
index 007009339d..9f72683398 100644
--- a/tests/unit_node/crypto/crypto_misc_test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit_node/crypto/crypto_misc_test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright 2018-2024 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
 import { randomFillSync, randomUUID, timingSafeEqual } from "node:crypto";
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
-import { assert, assertEquals } from "../../unit/test_util.ts";
+import { assert, assertEquals, assertThrows } from "../../unit/test_util.ts";
 import { assertNotEquals } from "@std/assert";
 
 Deno.test("[node/crypto.getRandomUUID] works the same way as Web Crypto API", () => {
@@ -36,3 +36,10 @@ Deno.test("[node/crypto.timingSafeEqual] compares equal Buffer with different by
 
   assert(timingSafeEqual(a, b));
 });
+
+Deno.test("[node/crypto.timingSafeEqual] RangeError on Buffer with different byteLength", () => {
+  const a = Buffer.from([212, 213]);
+  const b = Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 212, 213, 0]);
+
+  assertThrows(() => timingSafeEqual(a, b), RangeError);
+});