fix(ext/node): add missing _preloadModules hook (#18447)

This internal node hook is used by libraries such as `ts-node` when used
as a require hook `node -r ts-node/register`. That combination is often
used with test frameworks like `mocha` or `jasmine`.

We had a reference to `Module._preloadModules` in our code, but the
implementation was missing. While fixing this I also noticed that the
`fakeParent` module that we create internally always threw because of
the `pathDirname` check on the module id in the constructor of `Mdoule`.
So this code path was probably broken for a while.

```txt
✖ ERROR: Error: Empty filepath.
    at pathDirname (ext:deno_node/01_require.js:245:11)
    at new Module (ext:deno_node/01_require.js:446:15)
    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (ext:deno_node/01_require.js:754:28)
    at Function.resolve (ext:deno_node/01_require.js:1015:19)
```

cli/tests/unit_node/module_test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2018-2023 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
+
+import { Module } from "node:module";
+import { assertStrictEquals } from "../../../test_util/std/testing/asserts.ts";
+
+Deno.test("[node/module _preloadModules] has internal require hook", () => {
+  // Check if it's there
+  // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+  (Module as any)._preloadModules([
+    "./cli/tests/unit_node/testdata/add_global_property.js",
+  ]);
+  // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+  assertStrictEquals((globalThis as any).foo, "Hello");
+});

cli/tests/unit_node/testdata/add_global_property.js

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+globalThis.foo = "Hello";

ext/node/polyfills/01_require.js

@@ -241,8 +241,10 @@ setupBuiltinModules();
 const cjsParseCache = new SafeWeakMap();
 
 function pathDirname(filepath) {
-  if (filepath == null || filepath === "") {
+  if (filepath == null) {
     throw new Error("Empty filepath.");
+  } else if (filepath === "") {
+    return ".";
   }
   return ops.op_require_path_dirname(filepath);
 }
@@ -605,10 +607,10 @@ Module._nodeModulePaths = function (fromPath) {
 Module._resolveLookupPaths = function (request, parent) {
   const paths = [];
 
-  if (ops.op_require_is_request_relative(request) && parent?.filename) {
+  if (ops.op_require_is_request_relative(request)) {
     ArrayPrototypePush(
       paths,
-      ops.op_require_path_dirname(parent.filename),
+      parent?.filename ? ops.op_require_path_dirname(parent.filename) : ".",
     );
     return paths;
   }
@@ -752,7 +754,6 @@ Module._resolveFilename = function (
         paths = options.paths;
       } else {
         const fakeParent = new Module("", null);
-
         paths = [];
 
         for (let i = 0; i < options.paths.length; i++) {
@@ -828,6 +829,25 @@ Module._resolveFilename = function (
   throw err;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Internal CommonJS API to always require modules before requiring the actual
+ * one when calling `require("my-module")`. This is used by require hooks such
+ * as `ts-node/register`.
+ * @param {string[]} requests List of modules to preload
+ */
+Module._preloadModules = function (requests) {
+  if (!ArrayIsArray(requests) || requests.length === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const parent = new Module("internal/preload", null);
+  // All requested files must be resolved against cwd
+  parent.paths = Module._nodeModulePaths(process.cwd());
+  for (let i = 0; i < requests.length; i++) {
+    parent.require(requests[i]);
+  }
+};
+
 Module.prototype.load = function (filename) {
   if (this.loaded) {
     throw Error("Module already loaded");
@@ -954,7 +974,7 @@ Module._extensions[".js"] = function (module, filename) {
   const content = ops.op_require_read_file(filename);
 
   if (StringPrototypeEndsWith(filename, ".js")) {
-    const pkg = ops.op_require_read_closest_package_json(filename);
+    const pkg = ops.op_require_read_package_scope(filename);
     if (pkg && pkg.exists && pkg.typ == "module") {
       let message = `Trying to import ESM module: ${filename}`;